The revenue stream from broadcasting is critical to the sustained success of sports organizations. In the case of sports league cancellations, what revisions to the method of distributing these revenues are required? We utilize an axiomatic approach within this paper to resolve the query. The zero and leg extension operators are central to our forthcoming analysis. The image's characteristics are exemplified by several axiom sets, formalizing ethical or strategic principles, that are defined via the application of operators to the focal rules of equal-split and concede-and-divide.
Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face an augmented difficulty and expense in securing funding, a direct consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. By capitalizing on the network platform, smart supply chain finance adeptly resolves the financial difficulties encountered by small and medium-sized enterprises within this context. Within the context of smart supply chain finance development, some difficulties persist, such as the unpredictable willingness of SMEs to participate in financing, the challenge of pinpointing the best development model for platform-based core enterprises, and the absence of tailored regulatory solutions. Leveraging the network platform's capacity to utilize its capital for lending, this research proposes two distinct smart supply chain financial models, the dominant platform-based core enterprise model and the cooperative model, to overcome the identified problems. We present two evolutionary game models within this study: a tripartite model consisting of government, platform-based core enterprises, and SMEs; and a quadrilateral model comprising government, financial institutions, platform-based core enterprises, and SMEs. Different operational modes are examined in this study, revealing the evolving methods and stability strategies of each participant. Besides this, we scrutinize the platforms' receptiveness to utilizing multiple methods and the consequent government supervision mechanisms. This study presents several key takeaways. Core enterprises unable to establish a high-intelligence platform often embrace collaborative methods; if capable, a prevailing strategy is preferred. The sustained growth of smart supply chain finance, operating within the dominant model, necessitates the implementation of strict government oversight mechanisms. Through adjustments in tax rates and subsidies, the government can regulate the reciprocal evolution of these two operational models, enabling the dominant and collaborative models to coexist harmoniously in the marketplace.
Multi-agent models, in their examination of many economic and management issues, and often leading to valuable research results, are nonetheless limited by the requirement of specific scenarios. Biorefinery approach When the scenarios transition to an uncharted realm, corresponding outcomes prove elusive. AZD1775 This research introduces the exploratory computational experiment, a novel method to tackle the difficulties posed by complex social systems. These systems are defined by the irrationality, diversity, and complexity of individual behaviors, and the dynamism, complexity, and criticality of emergent collective action. An introduction to the underlying principles of the computational experiment is provided, followed by a detailed exploration of critical challenges: how individuals make decisions in complex environments, the emergence of collective behavior amidst conflicting interests, and the assessment of these collective behaviors. Two examples showcase the design of a scientific mechanism to optimize traffic systems and the consequent evolutionary law for giant components in scale-free networks when parameters are perpetually modified. The results of multi-agent modeling, incorporating irrational behaviors governed by individual dynamical game radius and memory length limitations, more accurately portray social issues; the exploratory computational experiments furnish profound conclusions.
Public sector health systems and pharmaceutical supply chains are notably expensive, prompting governments and involved companies to explore cost-reduction strategies. This study scrutinizes the deterioration of imported pharmaceuticals, highlighting it as one of the challenges within the pharmaceutical industry's supply chains. A collaborative strategy for minimizing costs within micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) is specifically detailed. A crucial element of the cooperative strategy's technical solution is the exclusive license contract that forms a partnership alliance between the foreign patent holder of brand drugs and a domestic manufacturer in the local region. Cost reduction is substantial within the pharmaceutical supply chain's distribution network. In contrast, the cooperative strategy's supply chain management methods furnish the driving force for its practical execution by splitting profits fairly among producers, local governments, distributors, and pharmacies. In order to delineate the license agreement's terms, a cooperative game theory-driven contract is used, after which a profit-sharing mechanism is put in place to distribute the benefits of collaboration amongst supply chain participants in relation to their incurred costs. mediating analysis Crucially, this research introduces an integrated framework that synthesizes logistics network models, valuation techniques, and profit-sharing structures. Its comprehensiveness better reflects real-world complexities than the disparate models of prior studies. The proposed strategy, when applied to the thalassemia drug supply chain in Iran, effectively led to a reduction in expenditure and a decrease in the deterioration of the drug. Moreover, the results show that a rise in ordering expenses for imported drugs is inversely proportional to the patent holder's market share. Reduced financing expenses for the cooperative alliance, in contrast, increase the efficiency of the proposed strategy.
Metropolitan areas' high population density, high-rise structures, and lifestyle alterations have entirely transformed the delivery of postal packages. People now bypass the ground floor when collecting their postal deliveries. Postal packages destined for upper-floor units will, in the interim, increasingly have to be delivered through their balconies and windows. Therefore, a new mathematical model for the Vehicle Routing Problem, incorporating drones, has been established. This model seeks to minimize overall delivery time, enabling drone-based postal delivery across different altitude ranges. The drone's energy usage is determined by calculations that incorporate wind speed, the payload's weight, the drone's weight, and additional parameters along its route. The developed mathematical model, across multiple instances, is solved using a two-phase algorithm that integrates the nearest-neighbor method with local search optimization procedures. In order to measure the performance of the heuristic approach, a set of small test problems was created and solved, subsequently comparing it to the CPLEX solver's output. The proposed model's efficacy and applicability, along with the heuristic strategy, are evaluated through a real-world implementation. Our investigation indicates that the model effectively identifies the best delivery route plan, especially when confronted with delivery points situated at varying heights.
Many emerging nations face a fundamental challenge in managing plastic waste, which significantly impacts environmental health and public well-being. Nevertheless, certain companies anticipate that enhanced plastic waste management procedures will result in the generation and accumulation of value, particularly from the standpoint of a circular economic model. Plastic waste management's contribution to Cameroon's circular economy was evaluated by a longitudinal study involving 12 organizations. The findings of our study point towards an embryonic stage of plastic waste management for value creation in Cameroon. Successfully transitioning to full value creation and capture hinges upon overcoming the obstacles meticulously documented and presented in the paper. Our research culminates in a discussion of the findings, along with a proposal for future research directions.
Within the online format, supplementary content can be found at the address 101007/s10479-023-05386-3.
The online edition includes supplementary material, available via the link 101007/s10479-023-05386-3.
Optimization models commonly entail either maximizing total gain or minimizing overall expenses. Fairness, a pivotal aspect of numerous everyday choices, proves remarkably challenging to quantify mathematically. A critical study of proposed ethical evaluation schemes is presented, focusing on those which seek to incorporate efficiency and equitable principles. The study explores the survey's coverage of inequality measures, Rawlsian maximin and leximax criteria, convex combinations of fairness and efficiency, alpha fairness and proportional fairness (including the Nash bargaining principle), Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining, and recently introduced utility-threshold and fairness-threshold approaches to merging utilitarian and maximin or leximax criteria. This paper also scrutinizes the group parity metrics that are commonly observed in the realm of machine learning. We demonstrate the most suitable practical approach for defining each criterion in the context of linear, nonlinear, or mixed-integer programming models. We also consider axiomatic and bargaining derivations of fairness criteria within the social choice literature, acknowledging the importance of interpersonal utility comparability. In closing, we include citations to relevant philosophical and ethical texts where necessary.
Limitations in logistics, transportation, and supply-side elements frequently obstruct supply chains' ability to meet demand during times of disruption. This study modeled a flexible supplier network for personal protective equipment (PPE), such as face masks, hand sanitizers, gloves, and face shields, by using an extensive, data-driven approach incorporating risk management to handle supply chain interruptions.