Data on closing prices of the BSE SENSEX INDEX, obtained from the Bombay Stock Exchange, was used in our study for the periods before and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. To assess risk, we utilized statistical tools: descriptive statistics for data normality checks, unit root tests for stationarity verification, and GARCH and stochastic models. Employing the R software and 500 simulations, we also examined the drift and volatility (or diffusion) coefficients of the stock price's SDE, creating a 95% confidence bound. Finally, the outcomes generated by these procedures and simulations are the subject of this discussion.
The sustainable development of resource-dependent cities continues to be a focal point of modern social research inquiry. Jining, Shandong Province, serves as the focus for this study that integrates a suitable emergy evaluation index system with system dynamics. This results in the creation of a resource-based city emergy flow system dynamics model to examine the sustainable development path for the subsequent planning year. Using a method that combines regression analysis and SD sensitivity analysis, this work isolates the key factors affecting Jining's sustainable development. These factors are then combined with provisions of the 14th Five-Year Plan to construct different development scenarios. In addition, the optimal scenario (M-L-H-H) for Jining's long-term sustainable growth is selected, considering the unique characteristics of the region. During the 14th Five-Year Plan, social fixed asset investment growth is projected to range from 175% to 183%, while the growth of raw coal emergy is anticipated to decrease between 40% and 32%, grain emergy growth is expected to be between 18% and 26%, and solid waste emergy reduction is predicted to be between 4% and 48%. The methodology meticulously developed in this article can serve as a benchmark for subsequent research projects, and the research findings offer valuable insights for governmental planning in resource-driven urban environments.
The interwoven challenges of rapid population increase, climate change's detrimental influence, dwindling natural resources, and the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic have collectively driven up global hunger levels, thus demanding significant interventions to secure food security and nutrition. Previous efforts to evaluate food security concentrated on specific aspects but did not include all, thus producing significant deficiencies in food security assessment indicators. Food security studies have historically failed to comprehensively examine the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions, demanding concerted efforts to develop an appropriate analytical model. This study examined international reports and articles concerning FSN indicators, drivers, policies, methodologies, and models, thereby identifying and analyzing the challenges and knowledge gaps present in both the global and UAE contexts. Flawed frameworks for measuring and addressing FSN drivers, indicators, and methods exist in the UAE and globally, demanding innovative solutions to anticipate future problems like population booms, pandemics, and dwindling natural resources. Subsequently, we developed a newly formulated analytical framework that surpasses the deficiencies of prior approaches, such as the sustainable food systems devised by FAO and the Global Food Security Index (GFSI), and addresses the entirety of food security. The framework developed takes into account knowledge gaps in FSN drivers, policies, indicators, big data, methods, and models, which offers specific advantages. The novel framework developed for the novel addresses all dimensions of food security (access, availability, stability, and utilization), ensuring poverty reduction, food security, and nutrition security while surpassing previous approaches, such as those of the FAO and GFSI. The developed framework's utility extends globally, aiding future generations in addressing food insecurity and malnutrition, not only in the UAE and MENA. Solutions for addressing global food insecurity and ensuring nutrition for future generations must be disseminated by the scientific community and policymakers to counteract rapid population growth, limited natural resources, climate change, and spreading pandemics.
Supplementary material for the online version is located at 101007/s10668-023-03032-3.
For supplemental materials associated with the online edition, please visit 101007/s10668-023-03032-3.
Large B-cell lymphoma, a rare and aggressive form, primarily found in the mediastinum (PMLBCL), exhibits unique clinical, pathological, and molecular hallmarks. The most effective initial therapy, the frontline therapy, is a subject of ongoing dispute. Our study at King Hussein Cancer Center strives to evaluate the clinical consequences of treating PMLBCL patients with the RCHOP regimen, including rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone.
In a study conducted between January 2011 and July 2020, adult patients, exceeding 18 years of age, who had PMLBCL and received RCHOP therapy were identified. All variables pertaining to demographics, diseases, and treatments were gathered from prior records. Backward stepwise Cox regression models were used in both univariate and multivariate analyses to assess the relationships between progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) and clinical and laboratory variables. The PFS and OS were depicted graphically using Kaplan-Meier curves.
A cohort of 49 patients, with a median age of 29 years, participated in the study. Of the total, 14 (286%) presented with stage III or IV disease, and 31 (633%) exhibited mediastinal bulky disease. A total of 35 patients (71.4%) demonstrated an International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of 0-1. A total of 32 patients (representing 653%) received radiotherapy treatment. Upon treatment completion, a complete response (CR) was noted in 32 patients (653%), partial responses (PR) in 8 patients (163%), and progressive disease (PD) in 9 patients (184%). The 4-year overall survival (OS) of patients who achieved complete remission (CR) at the end of treatment (EOT) was significantly better than that of those who did not (925% vs 269%, p<0.0001). A remarkable 267% objective response was observed in patients treated with salvage chemotherapies. read more Following a median follow-up period of 46 months, the 4-year figures for progression-free survival and overall survival were 60% and 71%, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that an IPI score exceeding one was correlated with the EOT outcome (p=0.0009), the duration of progression-free survival (p=0.0004), and the overall survival period (p=0.0019).
Although not the ideal frontline approach in PMLBCL, RCHOP chemotherapy can be a viable treatment choice for patients with a low IPI score. Patients presenting with high IPI might find that the use of more intensive chemoimmunotherapy regimens is a worthwhile strategy. read more Salvage chemotherapy treatments show restricted efficacy in individuals with relapsing or resistant cancer.
PMLBCL patients receiving RCHOP chemotherapy as initial treatment often encounter suboptimal outcomes, but this regimen remains a viable option for those with a low IPI. Patients with high IPI scores might find it beneficial to explore more intensive chemoimmunotherapy regimens. Chemotherapy employed as a salvage treatment demonstrates restricted effectiveness in individuals whose cancer has relapsed or is resistant to prior therapy.
Of those affected by hemophilia, roughly 75% live in developing nations, where routine care remains out of reach due to a multitude of impediments. Hemophilia care in resource-poor areas faces a host of problems, from the financial to organizational and governmental impediments. This paper investigates several of these hurdles and future paths, with a focus on the crucial function of the World Federation of Hemophilia in hemophilia patient care. For optimal care delivery in resource-scarce settings, a participative approach incorporating all stakeholders is paramount.
To gauge the severity of respiratory infection diseases, a surveillance system for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) is crucial. A SARI sentinel surveillance system, built on electronic health registries, was introduced in 2021 by the National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge in partnership with two general hospitals. Using the 2021-2022 season as a case study, we depict the method's implementation and the concurrent trends in SARI, COVID-19, and influenza activity within two regions of Portugal.
The weekly incidence of SARI-related hospitalizations, recorded within the surveillance system, served as the key outcome. The criteria for defining SARI cases encompassed ICD-10 codes for influenza-like illnesses, cardiovascular diagnoses, respiratory conditions, and respiratory infections present in the primary admission diagnosis of a patient. Weekly trends in COVID-19 and influenza cases from the North and Lisbon/Tagus Valley regions constituted the independent variables in this investigation. read more The Pearson and cross-correlation analyses were performed on SARI cases, COVID-19 incidence, and influenza incidence.
There was a substantial link between the instances of SARI cases or hospitalizations due to respiratory infections and the incidence of COVID-19.
=078 and
In a comparable manner, the respective values are 082. The COVID-19 epidemic's peak was anticipated a week earlier by SARI case detections. A correlation with less than robust strength was identified between SARI and influenza.
The JSON output will be in a list format, containing sentences. However, confining the study to hospitalizations resulting from cardiovascular diagnoses, a moderate correlation was observed.
Sentences are listed in a format that this JSON schema returns. In addition, the rise in cardiovascular-related hospitalizations indicated that the influenza epidemic had begun a week before.
The Portuguese SARI sentinel surveillance system pilot program, during the 2021/2022 season, successfully detected the zenith of the COVID-19 epidemic and the concomitant rise in influenza.